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Schritt 4 – .NET-Suchcode erkunden

In den vorherigen Lektionen haben Sie einer statischen Web-App eine Suchfunktion hinzugefügt. In dieser Lektion werden die wesentlichen Schritte zum Einrichten der Integration hervorgehoben. In diesem Artikel erfahren Sie, was Sie wissen müssen, um Suchfunktionen in Ihre Web-App zu integrieren.

Azure SDK Azure.Search.Documents

Die Funktions-App verwendet das Azure SDK für Azure KI Search:

Die Funktions-App authentifiziert sich über das SDK bei der cloudbasierten Azure KI Search-API unter Verwendung Ihres Ressourcennamens, Ressourcenschlüssels und Indexnamens. Die Geheimnisse sind in den Einstellungen der statischen Web-App gespeichert und werden als Umgebungsvariablen in die Funktion gepullt.

Konfigurieren von Geheimnissen in der Datei „local.settings.json“

{
  "IsEncrypted": false,
  "Values": {
    "AzureWebJobsStorage": "",
    "FUNCTIONS_WORKER_RUNTIME": "dotnet-isolated",
    "SearchApiKey": "",
    "SearchServiceName": "",
    "SearchIndexName": "good-books"
  },
  "Host": {
    "CORS": "*"
  }
}

Azure-Funktion: Durchsuchen des Katalogs

Die Search-API akzeptiert einen Suchbegriff, durchsucht die Dokumente im Suchindex und gibt eine Liste mit Treffern zurück. Über die Vorschlags-API werden während der Benutzereingabe partielle Zeichenfolgen an die Suchmaschine gesendet. Dabei werden Suchbegriffe wie Buchtitel und Verfassende in den Dokumenten im Suchindex vorgeschlagen, und eine kleine Liste von Übereinstimmungen wird zurückgegeben.

Die Azure Function ruft die Informationen der Suchkonfiguration ab und verarbeitet die Abfrage.

Der Suchvorschlag (sg) wird in der Schemadatei definiert, die während des Massenuploads verwendet wird.

using Azure;
using Azure.Core.Serialization;
using Azure.Search.Documents;
using Azure.Search.Documents.Models;
using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker;
using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System.Net;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
using WebSearch.Models;
using SearchFilter = WebSearch.Models.SearchFilter;

namespace WebSearch.Function
{
    public class Search
    {
        private static string searchApiKey = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SearchApiKey", EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process);
        private static string searchServiceName = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SearchServiceName", EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process);
        private static string searchIndexName = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SearchIndexName", EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process) ?? "good-books";

        private readonly ILogger<Lookup> _logger;

        public Search(ILogger<Lookup> logger)
        {
            _logger = logger;
        }

        [Function("search")]
        public async Task<HttpResponseData> RunAsync(
            [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Anonymous, "post")] HttpRequestData req, 
            FunctionContext executionContext)
        {
            string requestBody = await new StreamReader(req.Body).ReadToEndAsync();
            var data = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<RequestBodySearch>(requestBody);

            // Azure AI Search 
            Uri serviceEndpoint = new($"https://{searchServiceName}.search.windows.net/");

            SearchClient searchClient = new(
                serviceEndpoint,
                searchIndexName,
                new AzureKeyCredential(searchApiKey)
            );

            SearchOptions options = new()

            {
                Size = data.Size,
                Skip = data.Skip,
                IncludeTotalCount = true,
                Filter = CreateFilterExpression(data.Filters)
            };
            options.Facets.Add("authors");
            options.Facets.Add("language_code");

            SearchResults<SearchDocument> searchResults = searchClient.Search<SearchDocument>(data.SearchText, options);

            var facetOutput = new Dictionary<string, IList<FacetValue>>();
            foreach (var facetResult in searchResults.Facets)
            {
                facetOutput[facetResult.Key] = facetResult.Value
                           .Select(x => new FacetValue { value = x.Value.ToString(), count = x.Count })

                           .ToList();
            }

            // Data to return 
            var output = new SearchOutput
            {
                Count = searchResults.TotalCount,
                Results = searchResults.GetResults().ToList(),
                Facets = facetOutput
            };
            
            var response = req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Found);

            // Serialize data
            var serializer = new JsonObjectSerializer(
                new JsonSerializerOptions(JsonSerializerDefaults.Web));
            await response.WriteAsJsonAsync(output, serializer);

            return response;
        }

        public static string CreateFilterExpression(List<SearchFilter> filters)
        {
            if (filters is null or { Count: <= 0 })
            {
                return null;
            }

            List<string> filterExpressions = new();


            List<SearchFilter> authorFilters = filters.Where(f => f.field == "authors").ToList();
            List<SearchFilter> languageFilters = filters.Where(f => f.field == "language_code").ToList();

            List<string> authorFilterValues = authorFilters.Select(f => f.value).ToList();

            if (authorFilterValues.Count > 0)
            {
                string filterStr = string.Join(",", authorFilterValues);
                filterExpressions.Add($"{"authors"}/any(t: search.in(t, '{filterStr}', ','))");
            }

            List<string> languageFilterValues = languageFilters.Select(f => f.value).ToList();
            foreach (var value in languageFilterValues)
            {
                filterExpressions.Add($"language_code eq '{value}'");
            }

            return string.Join(" and ", filterExpressions);
        }
    }
}

Client: Suchen über den Katalog

Rufen Sie die Azure-Funktion im React-Client mit \client\src\pages\Search\Search.jsx dem folgenden Code auf, um nach Büchern zu suchen.

import React, { useEffect, useState, Suspense } from 'react';
import fetchInstance from '../../url-fetch';
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
import { useLocation, useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";

import Results from '../../components/Results/Results';
import Pager from '../../components/Pager/Pager';
import Facets from '../../components/Facets/Facets';
import SearchBar from '../../components/SearchBar/SearchBar';

import "./Search.css";

export default function Search() {

  let location = useLocation();
  const navigate = useNavigate();

  const [results, setResults] = useState([]);
  const [resultCount, setResultCount] = useState(0);
  const [currentPage, setCurrentPage] = useState(1);
  const [q, setQ] = useState(new URLSearchParams(location.search).get('q') ?? "*");
  const [top] = useState(new URLSearchParams(location.search).get('top') ?? 8);
  const [skip, setSkip] = useState(new URLSearchParams(location.search).get('skip') ?? 0);
  const [filters, setFilters] = useState([]);
  const [facets, setFacets] = useState({});
  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(true);

  let resultsPerPage = top;

  // Handle page changes in a controlled manner
  function handlePageChange(newPage) {
    setCurrentPage(newPage);
  }

  // Calculate skip value and fetch results when relevant parameters change
  useEffect(() => {
    // Calculate skip based on current page
    const calculatedSkip = (currentPage - 1) * top;
    
    // Only update if skip has actually changed
    if (calculatedSkip !== skip) {
      setSkip(calculatedSkip);
      return; // Skip the fetch since skip will change and trigger another useEffect
    }
    
    // Proceed with fetch
    setIsLoading(true);
    
    const body = {
      q: q,
      top: top,
      skip: skip,
      filters: filters
    };

    
    fetchInstance('/api/search', { body, method: 'POST' })
      .then(response => {
        setResults(response.results);
        setFacets(response.facets);
        setResultCount(response.count);
        setIsLoading(false);
      })
      .catch(error => {
        console.log(error);
        setIsLoading(false);
      });
  }, [q, top, skip, filters, currentPage]);

  // pushing the new search term to history when q is updated
  // allows the back button to work as expected when coming back from the details page
  useEffect(() => {
    navigate('/search?q=' + q);
    setCurrentPage(1);
    setFilters([]);
    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
  }, [q]);


  let postSearchHandler = (searchTerm) => {
    setQ(searchTerm);
  }


  // filters should be applied across entire result set, 
  // not just within the current page
  const updateFilterHandler = (newFilters) => {

    // Reset paging
    setSkip(0);
    setCurrentPage(1);

    // Set filters
    setFilters(newFilters);
  };

  return (
    <main className="main main--search container-fluid">
      <div className="row">
        <div className="search-bar-column col-md-3">
          <div className="search-bar-column-container">
            <SearchBar postSearchHandler={postSearchHandler} query={q} width={false}></SearchBar>
          </div>
          <Facets facets={facets} filters={filters} setFilters={updateFilterHandler}></Facets>
        </div>
        <div className="search-bar-results">
          {isLoading ? (
            <div className="col-md-9">
              <CircularProgress />
            </div>
          ) : (
            <div className="search-results-container">
              <Results documents={results} top={top} skip={skip} count={resultCount} query={q}></Results>
              <Pager className="pager-style" currentPage={currentPage} resultCount={resultCount} resultsPerPage={resultsPerPage} onPageChange={handlePageChange}></Pager>
            </div>
          )}
        </div>
      </div>
    </main>
  );
}

Client: Vorschläge aus dem Katalog

Die Vorschlags-API wird in der React-App unter \client\src\components\SearchBar\SearchBar.jsx im Rahmen der Autovervollständigungskomponente der Material-Benutzeroberfläche aufgerufen. Diese Komponente verwendet den Eingabetext, um nach Verfassenden und Büchern zu suchen, die mit dem Eingabetext übereinstimmen, und zeigt dann diese möglichen Übereinstimmungen bei auswählbaren Elementen in der Dropdownliste an.

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { TextField, Autocomplete, Button, Box } from '@mui/material';
import fetchInstance from '../../url-fetch';
import './SearchBar.css';

export default function SearchBar({ postSearchHandler, query, width }) {
  const [q, setQ] = useState(() => query || '');
  const [suggestions, setSuggestions] = useState([]);

  const search = (value) => {
    postSearchHandler(value);
  };

  useEffect(() => {
    if (q) {

      const body = { q, top: 5, suggester: 'sg' };

      fetchInstance('/api/suggest', { body, method: 'POST' })
      .then(response => {
        setSuggestions(response.suggestions.map(s => s.text));
      })
      .catch(error => {
        console.log(error);
        setSuggestions([]);
      });
    }
  }, [q]);


  const onInputChangeHandler = (event, value) => {
    setQ(value);
  };


  const onChangeHandler = (event, value) => {

    setQ(value);
    search(value);
  };

  const onEnterButton = (event) => {
    // if enter key is pressed
    if (event.key === 'Enter') {
      search(q);
    }
  };

  return (
    <div
      className={width ? "search-bar search-bar-wide" : "search-bar search-bar-narrow"}
    >
      <Box className="search-bar-box">
        <Autocomplete
          className="autocomplete"
          freeSolo
          value={q}
          options={suggestions}
          onInputChange={onInputChangeHandler}
          onChange={onChangeHandler}
          disableClearable
          renderInput={(params) => (
            <TextField
              {...params}
              id="search-box"
              className="form-control rounded-0"
              placeholder="What are you looking for?"
              onBlur={() => setSuggestions([])}
              onClick={() => setSuggestions([])}
            />
          )}
        />
        <div className="search-button" >
          <Button variant="contained" color="primary" onClick={() => {
            search(q)
          }
          }>
            Search
          </Button>
        </div>
      </Box>
    </div>
  );
}

Azure-Funktion: Abrufen eines bestimmten Dokuments

Die Dokumentlookup-API akzeptiert eine ID und gibt das Dokumentobjekt aus dem Suchindex zurück.

using Azure;
using Azure.Core.Serialization;
using Azure.Search.Documents;
using Azure.Search.Documents.Models;
using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker;
using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System.Net;
using System.Text.Json;
using WebSearch.Models;

namespace WebSearch.Function
{
    public class Lookup
    {
        private static string searchApiKey = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SearchApiKey", EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process);
        private static string searchServiceName = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SearchServiceName", EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process);
        private static string searchIndexName = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SearchIndexName", EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process) ?? "good-books";

        private readonly ILogger<Lookup> _logger;

        public Lookup(ILogger<Lookup> logger)
        {
            _logger = logger;
        }


        [Function("lookup")]
        public async Task<HttpResponseData> RunAsync(
            [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Anonymous, "get", "post")] HttpRequestData req, 
            FunctionContext executionContext)
        {

            // Get Document Id
            var query = System.Web.HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(req.Url.Query);
            string documentId = query["id"].ToString();

            // Azure AI Search 
            Uri serviceEndpoint = new($"https://{searchServiceName}.search.windows.net/");

            SearchClient searchClient = new(

                serviceEndpoint,
                searchIndexName,
                new AzureKeyCredential(searchApiKey)
            );

            var getDocumentResponse = await searchClient.GetDocumentAsync<SearchDocument>(documentId);

            // Data to return 
            var output = new LookupOutput
            {
                Document = getDocumentResponse.Value
            };

            var response = req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Found);

            // Serialize data
            var serializer = new JsonObjectSerializer(
                new JsonSerializerOptions(JsonSerializerDefaults.Web));
            await response.WriteAsJsonAsync(output, serializer);

            return response;
        }
    }
}

Client: Abrufen eines bestimmten Dokuments

Diese Funktions-API wird in der React-App unter \client\src\pages\Details\Details.jsx im Rahmen der Komponenteninitialisierung aufgerufen:

import React, { useState, useEffect } from "react";
import { useParams } from 'react-router-dom';
import Rating from '@mui/material/Rating';
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
import Tabs from '@mui/material/Tabs';
import Tab from '@mui/material/Tab';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';

import fetchInstance from '../../url-fetch';

import "./Details.css";


function CustomTabPanel(props) {
  const { children, value, index, ...other } = props;

  return (
    <div
      className="tab-panel"
      role="tabpanel"
      hidden={value !== index}
      id={`simple-tabpanel-${index}`}
      aria-labelledby={`simple-tab-${index}`}
      {...other}
       // Ensure it takes full width
    >
      {value === index && <Box className="tab-panel-value">{children}</Box>}
    </div>
  );
}

export default function BasicTabs() {
  const { id } = useParams();
  const [document, setDocument] = useState({});
  const [value, setValue] = React.useState(0);
  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(true);

  useEffect(() => {
    setIsLoading(true);
    fetchInstance('/api/lookup', { query: { id } })
      .then(response => {
        console.log(JSON.stringify(response))
        const doc = response.document;
        setDocument(doc);
        setIsLoading(false);
      })
      .catch(error => {
        console.log(error);
        setIsLoading(false);
      });

  }, [id]);

  const handleChange = (event, newValue) => {
    setValue(newValue);
  };


  if (isLoading || !id || Object.keys(document).length === 0) {
    return (
      <div className="loading-container">
        <CircularProgress />
        <p>Loading...</p>
      </div>
    );
  }

  return (
    <Box className="details-box-parent">
      <Box className="details-tab-box-header">
        <Tabs value={value} onChange={handleChange} aria-label="book-details-tabs">
          <Tab label="Result" />
          <Tab label="Raw Data" />
        </Tabs>
      </Box>
      <CustomTabPanel value={value} index={0} className="tab-panel box-content">
        <div className="card-body">
          <h5 className="card-title">{document.original_title}</h5>
          <img className="image" src={document.image_url} alt="Book cover"></img>
          <p className="card-text">{document.authors?.join('; ')} - {document.original_publication_year}</p>
          <p className="card-text">ISBN {document.isbn}</p>
          <Rating name="half-rating-read" value={parseInt(document.average_rating)} precision={0.1} readOnly></Rating>
          <p className="card-text">{document.ratings_count} Ratings</p>
        </div>
      </CustomTabPanel>
      <CustomTabPanel value={value} index={1} className="tab-panel">
        <div className="card-body text-left card-text details-custom-tab-panel-json-div" >
          <pre><code>
            {JSON.stringify(document, null, 2)}
          </code></pre>
        </div>
      </CustomTabPanel>
    </Box>
  );
}

C#-Modelle zur Unterstützung der Funktions-App

Die folgenden Modelle werden verwendet, um die Funktionen in dieser App zu unterstützen:

using Azure.Search.Documents.Models;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

namespace WebSearch.Models
{
    public class RequestBodyLookUp
    {
        [JsonPropertyName("id")]
        public string Id { get; set; }
    }

    public class RequestBodySuggest
    {
        [JsonPropertyName("q")]
        public string SearchText { get; set; }

        [JsonPropertyName("top")]
        public int Size { get; set; }

        [JsonPropertyName("suggester")]
        public string SuggesterName { get; set; }
    }

    public class RequestBodySearch
    {
        [JsonPropertyName("q")]
        public string SearchText { get; set; }

        [JsonPropertyName("skip")]
        public int Skip { get; set; }

        [JsonPropertyName("top")]
        public int Size { get; set; }

        [JsonPropertyName("filters")]
        public List<SearchFilter> Filters { get; set; }
    }

    public class SearchFilter
    {
        public string field { get; set; }
        public string value { get; set; }
    }

    public class FacetValue
    {
        public string value { get; set; }
        public long? count { get; set; }
    }

    class SearchOutput
    {
        [JsonPropertyName("count")]
        public long? Count { get; set; }
        [JsonPropertyName("results")]
        public List<SearchResult<SearchDocument>> Results { get; set; }
        [JsonPropertyName("facets")]
        public Dictionary<String, IList<FacetValue>> Facets { get; set; }
    }
    class LookupOutput
    {
        [JsonPropertyName("document")]
        public SearchDocument Document { get; set; }
    }
    public class BookModel
    {
        public string id { get; set; }
        public decimal? goodreads_book_id { get; set; }
        public decimal? best_book_id { get; set; }
        public decimal? work_id { get; set; }
        public decimal? books_count { get; set; }
        public string isbn { get; set; }
        public string isbn13 { get; set; }
        public string[] authors { get; set; }
        public decimal? original_publication_year { get; set; }
        public string original_title { get; set; }
        public string title { get; set; }
        public string language_code { get; set; }
        public double? average_rating { get; set; }
        public decimal? ratings_count { get; set; }
        public decimal? work_ratings_count { get; set; }
        public decimal? work_text_reviews_count { get; set; }
        public decimal? ratings_1 { get; set; }
        public decimal? ratings_2 { get; set; }
        public decimal? ratings_3 { get; set; }
        public decimal? ratings_4 { get; set; }
        public decimal? ratings_5 { get; set; }
        public string image_url { get; set; }
        public string small_image_url { get; set; }
    }
}

Nächste Schritte

Um Ihre Kenntnisse über die Entwicklung mit Azure AI Search zu vertiefen, probieren Sie das nächste Tutorial zum Thema Indizierung aus.

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