BackgroundWorker Klasse

Definition

public ref class BackgroundWorker : IDisposable

public ref class BackgroundWorker : System::ComponentModel::Component

public class BackgroundWorker : IDisposable

public class BackgroundWorker : System.ComponentModel.Component

type BackgroundWorker = class
    interface IDisposable

type BackgroundWorker = class
    inherit Component

Public Class BackgroundWorker
Implements IDisposable

Public Class BackgroundWorker
Inherits Component

Vererbung

Object

BackgroundWorker

Vererbung

Object

MarshalByRefObject

Component

BackgroundWorker

Implementiert

IDisposable

Beispiele

Im folgenden Codebeispiel werden die Grundlagen der BackgroundWorker Klasse zum asynchronen Ausführen eines zeitaufwendigen Vorgangs veranschaulicht. Die folgende Abbildung zeigt ein Beispiel für die Ausgabe.

Um diesen Code zu testen, erstellen Sie eine Windows Forms-Anwendung. Fügen Sie ein Label Steuerelement mit dem Namen resultLabel hinzu, und fügen Sie zwei Button Steuerelemente mit dem Namen startAsyncButton und cancelAsyncButtondem Namen hinzu. Erstellen Sie Click Ereignishandler für beide Schaltflächen. Fügen Sie auf der Registerkarte "Komponenten " der Toolbox eine BackgroundWorker Komponente mit dem Namen hinzu backgroundWorker1. Erstellen , DoWork, ProgressChangedund RunWorkerCompleted Ereignishandler für die BackgroundWorker. Ersetzen Sie im Code für das Formular den vorhandenen Code durch den folgenden Code.

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace BackgroundWorkerSimple;

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        backgroundWorker1.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
        backgroundWorker1.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true;
    }

    void startAsyncButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (!backgroundWorker1.IsBusy)
        {
            // Start the asynchronous operation.
            backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync();
        }
    }

    void cancelAsyncButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (backgroundWorker1.WorkerSupportsCancellation)
        {
            // Cancel the asynchronous operation.
            backgroundWorker1.CancelAsync();
        }
    }

    // This event handler is where the time-consuming work is done.
    void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        BackgroundWorker worker = sender as BackgroundWorker;

        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
        {
            if (worker.CancellationPending)
            {
                e.Cancel = true;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                // Perform a time consuming operation and report progress.
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
                worker.ReportProgress(i * 10);
            }
        }
    }

    // This event handler updates the progress.
    void backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e) =>
        resultLabel.Text = e.ProgressPercentage.ToString() + "%";

    // This event handler deals with the results of the background operation.
    void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) =>
        resultLabel.Text = e.Cancelled ?
        "Canceled!"
        : e.Error != null ? "Error: " + e.Error.Message : "Done!";
}

Imports System.ComponentModel

Public Class Form1

    Public Sub New()
        InitializeComponent()
        backgroundWorker1.WorkerReportsProgress = True
        backgroundWorker1.WorkerSupportsCancellation = True
    End Sub

    Private Sub startAsyncButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles startAsyncButton.Click
        If Not backgroundWorker1.IsBusy Then
            ' Start the asynchronous operation.
            backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync()
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub cancelAsyncButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles cancelAsyncButton.Click
        If backgroundWorker1.WorkerSupportsCancellation Then
            ' Cancel the asynchronous operation.
            backgroundWorker1.CancelAsync()
        End If
    End Sub

    ' This event handler is where the time-consuming work is done.
    Private Sub backgroundWorker1_DoWork(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
    ByVal e As DoWorkEventArgs) Handles backgroundWorker1.DoWork
        Dim worker As BackgroundWorker = CType(sender, BackgroundWorker)
        Dim i As Integer

        For i = 1 To 10
            If (worker.CancellationPending) Then
                e.Cancel = True
                Exit For
            Else
                ' Perform a time consuming operation and report progress.
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500)
                worker.ReportProgress(i * 10)
            End If
        Next
    End Sub

    ' This event handler updates the progress.
    Private Sub backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
    ByVal e As ProgressChangedEventArgs) Handles backgroundWorker1.ProgressChanged
        resultLabel.Text = (e.ProgressPercentage.ToString() + "%")
    End Sub

    ' This event handler deals with the results of the background operation.
    Private Sub backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
    ByVal e As RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs) Handles backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted
        If e.Cancelled Then
            resultLabel.Text = "Canceled!"
        ElseIf e.Error IsNot Nothing Then
            resultLabel.Text = "Error: " & e.Error.Message
        Else
            resultLabel.Text = "Done!"
        End If
    End Sub
End Class

Im folgenden Codebeispiel wird die Verwendung der BackgroundWorker Klasse zum asynchronen Ausführen eines zeitaufwendigen Vorgangs veranschaulicht. Die folgende Abbildung zeigt ein Beispiel für die Ausgabe.

für

Der Vorgang berechnet die ausgewählte Fibonacci-Zahl, meldet Statusaktualisierungen, während die Berechnung fortgesetzt wird, und ermöglicht das Abbrechen einer ausstehenden Berechnung.

#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::ComponentModel;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Threading;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

public ref class FibonacciForm: public System::Windows::Forms::Form
{
private:

   int numberToCompute;
   int highestPercentageReached;

   System::Windows::Forms::NumericUpDown^ numericUpDown1;
   System::Windows::Forms::Button^ startAsyncButton;
   System::Windows::Forms::Button^ cancelAsyncButton;
   System::Windows::Forms::ProgressBar^ progressBar1;
   System::Windows::Forms::Label ^ resultLabel;
   System::ComponentModel::BackgroundWorker^ backgroundWorker1;

public:
   FibonacciForm()
   {
      InitializeComponent();
      numberToCompute = highestPercentageReached = 0;
      InitializeBackgoundWorker();
   }


private:

   // Set up the BackgroundWorker object by 
   // attaching event handlers. 
   void InitializeBackgoundWorker()
   {
      backgroundWorker1->DoWork += gcnew DoWorkEventHandler( this, &FibonacciForm::backgroundWorker1_DoWork );
      backgroundWorker1->RunWorkerCompleted += gcnew RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler( this, &FibonacciForm::backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted );
      backgroundWorker1->ProgressChanged += gcnew ProgressChangedEventHandler( this, &FibonacciForm::backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged );
   }

   void startAsyncButton_Click( System::Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {
      
      // Reset the text in the result label.
      resultLabel->Text = String::Empty;

      // Disable the UpDown control until 
      // the asynchronous operation is done.
      this->numericUpDown1->Enabled = false;

      // Disable the Start button until 
      // the asynchronous operation is done.
      this->startAsyncButton->Enabled = false;

      // Enable the Cancel button while 
      // the asynchronous operation runs.
      this->cancelAsyncButton->Enabled = true;

      // Get the value from the UpDown control.
      numberToCompute = (int)numericUpDown1->Value;

      // Reset the variable for percentage tracking.
      highestPercentageReached = 0;

      // Start the asynchronous operation.
      backgroundWorker1->RunWorkerAsync( numberToCompute );
   }

   void cancelAsyncButton_Click( System::Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {  
      // Cancel the asynchronous operation.
      this->backgroundWorker1->CancelAsync();
      
      // Disable the Cancel button.
      cancelAsyncButton->Enabled = false;
   }

   // This event handler is where the actual,
   // potentially time-consuming work is done.
   void backgroundWorker1_DoWork( Object^ sender, DoWorkEventArgs^ e )
   {
      // Get the BackgroundWorker that raised this event.
      BackgroundWorker^ worker = dynamic_cast<BackgroundWorker^>(sender);

      // Assign the result of the computation
      // to the Result property of the DoWorkEventArgs
      // object. This is will be available to the 
      // RunWorkerCompleted eventhandler.
      e->Result = ComputeFibonacci( safe_cast<Int32>(e->Argument), worker, e );
   }

   // This event handler deals with the results of the
   // background operation.
   void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted( Object^ /*sender*/, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs^ e )
   {
      // First, handle the case where an exception was thrown.
      if ( e->Error != nullptr )
      {
         MessageBox::Show( e->Error->Message );
      }
      else
      if ( e->Cancelled )
      {
         // Next, handle the case where the user cancelled 
         // the operation.
         // Note that due to a race condition in 
         // the DoWork event handler, the Cancelled
         // flag may not have been set, even though
         // CancelAsync was called.
         resultLabel->Text = "Cancelled";
      }
      else
      {
         // Finally, handle the case where the operation 
         // succeeded.
         resultLabel->Text = e->Result->ToString();
      }

      // Enable the UpDown control.
      this->numericUpDown1->Enabled = true;

      // Enable the Start button.
      startAsyncButton->Enabled = true;

      // Disable the Cancel button.
      cancelAsyncButton->Enabled = false;
   }

   // This event handler updates the progress bar.
   void backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged( Object^ /*sender*/, ProgressChangedEventArgs^ e )
   {
      this->progressBar1->Value = e->ProgressPercentage;
   }

   // This is the method that does the actual work. For this
   // example, it computes a Fibonacci number and
   // reports progress as it does its work.
   long ComputeFibonacci( int n, BackgroundWorker^ worker, DoWorkEventArgs ^ e )
   {
      // The parameter n must be >= 0 and <= 91.
      // Fib(n), with n > 91, overflows a long.
      if ( (n < 0) || (n > 91) )
      {
         throw gcnew ArgumentException( "value must be >= 0 and <= 91","n" );
      }

      long result = 0;
      
      // Abort the operation if the user has cancelled.
      // Note that a call to CancelAsync may have set 
      // CancellationPending to true just after the
      // last invocation of this method exits, so this 
      // code will not have the opportunity to set the 
      // DoWorkEventArgs.Cancel flag to true. This means
      // that RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs.Cancelled will
      // not be set to true in your RunWorkerCompleted
      // event handler. This is a race condition.
      if ( worker->CancellationPending )
      {
         e->Cancel = true;
      }
      else
      {
         if ( n < 2 )
         {
            result = 1;
         }
         else
         {
            result = ComputeFibonacci( n - 1, worker, e ) + ComputeFibonacci( n - 2, worker, e );
         }

         // Report progress as a percentage of the total task.
         int percentComplete = (int)((float)n / (float)numberToCompute * 100);
         if ( percentComplete > highestPercentageReached )
         {
            highestPercentageReached = percentComplete;
            worker->ReportProgress( percentComplete );
         }
      }

      return result;
   }

   void InitializeComponent()
   {
      this->numericUpDown1 = gcnew System::Windows::Forms::NumericUpDown;
      this->startAsyncButton = gcnew System::Windows::Forms::Button;
      this->cancelAsyncButton = gcnew System::Windows::Forms::Button;
      this->resultLabel = gcnew System::Windows::Forms::Label;
      this->progressBar1 = gcnew System::Windows::Forms::ProgressBar;
      this->backgroundWorker1 = gcnew System::ComponentModel::BackgroundWorker;
      (dynamic_cast<System::ComponentModel::ISupportInitialize^>(this->numericUpDown1))->BeginInit();
      this->SuspendLayout();
      
      // 
      // numericUpDown1
      // 
      this->numericUpDown1->Location = System::Drawing::Point( 16, 16 );
      array<Int32>^temp0 = {91,0,0,0};
      this->numericUpDown1->Maximum = System::Decimal( temp0 );
      array<Int32>^temp1 = {1,0,0,0};
      this->numericUpDown1->Minimum = System::Decimal( temp1 );
      this->numericUpDown1->Name = "numericUpDown1";
      this->numericUpDown1->Size = System::Drawing::Size( 80, 20 );
      this->numericUpDown1->TabIndex = 0;
      array<Int32>^temp2 = {1,0,0,0};
      this->numericUpDown1->Value = System::Decimal( temp2 );

      // 
      // startAsyncButton
      // 
      this->startAsyncButton->Location = System::Drawing::Point( 16, 72 );
      this->startAsyncButton->Name = "startAsyncButton";
      this->startAsyncButton->Size = System::Drawing::Size( 120, 23 );
      this->startAsyncButton->TabIndex = 1;
      this->startAsyncButton->Text = "Start Async";
      this->startAsyncButton->Click += gcnew System::EventHandler( this, &FibonacciForm::startAsyncButton_Click );

      // 
      // cancelAsyncButton
      // 
      this->cancelAsyncButton->Enabled = false;
      this->cancelAsyncButton->Location = System::Drawing::Point( 153, 72 );
      this->cancelAsyncButton->Name = "cancelAsyncButton";
      this->cancelAsyncButton->Size = System::Drawing::Size( 119, 23 );
      this->cancelAsyncButton->TabIndex = 2;
      this->cancelAsyncButton->Text = "Cancel Async";
      this->cancelAsyncButton->Click += gcnew System::EventHandler( this, &FibonacciForm::cancelAsyncButton_Click );

      // 
      // resultLabel
      // 
      this->resultLabel->BorderStyle = System::Windows::Forms::BorderStyle::Fixed3D;
      this->resultLabel->Location = System::Drawing::Point( 112, 16 );
      this->resultLabel->Name = "resultLabel";
      this->resultLabel->Size = System::Drawing::Size( 160, 23 );
      this->resultLabel->TabIndex = 3;
      this->resultLabel->Text = "(no result)";
      this->resultLabel->TextAlign = System::Drawing::ContentAlignment::MiddleCenter;

      // 
      // progressBar1
      // 
      this->progressBar1->Location = System::Drawing::Point( 18, 48 );
      this->progressBar1->Name = "progressBar1";
      this->progressBar1->Size = System::Drawing::Size( 256, 8 );
      this->progressBar1->Step = 2;
      this->progressBar1->TabIndex = 4;

      // 
      // backgroundWorker1
      // 
      this->backgroundWorker1->WorkerReportsProgress = true;
      this->backgroundWorker1->WorkerSupportsCancellation = true;

      // 
      // FibonacciForm
      // 
      this->ClientSize = System::Drawing::Size( 292, 118 );
      this->Controls->Add( this->progressBar1 );
      this->Controls->Add( this->resultLabel );
      this->Controls->Add( this->cancelAsyncButton );
      this->Controls->Add( this->startAsyncButton );
      this->Controls->Add( this->numericUpDown1 );
      this->Name = "FibonacciForm";
      this->Text = "Fibonacci Calculator";
      (dynamic_cast<System::ComponentModel::ISupportInitialize^>(this->numericUpDown1))->EndInit();
      this->ResumeLayout( false );
   }
};

[STAThread]
int main()
{
   Application::Run( gcnew FibonacciForm );
}

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace BackgroundWorkerExample;

public class FibonacciForm : Form
{
    int numberToCompute;
    int highestPercentageReached;

    NumericUpDown numericUpDown1;
    Button startAsyncButton;
    Button cancelAsyncButton;
    ProgressBar progressBar1;
    Label resultLabel;
    BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1;

    public FibonacciForm()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        InitializeBackgroundWorker();
    }

    // Set up the BackgroundWorker object by 
    // attaching event handlers. 
    void InitializeBackgroundWorker()
    {
        backgroundWorker1.DoWork +=
             backgroundWorker1_DoWork;
        backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted +=

        backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted;
        backgroundWorker1.ProgressChanged +=

        backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged;
    }

    void startAsyncButton_Click(object sender,
        EventArgs e)
    {
        // Reset the text in the result label.
        resultLabel.Text = string.Empty;

        // Disable the UpDown control until 
        // the asynchronous operation is done.
        numericUpDown1.Enabled = false;

        // Disable the Start button until 
        // the asynchronous operation is done.
        startAsyncButton.Enabled = false;

        // Enable the Cancel button while 
        // the asynchronous operation runs.
        cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = true;

        // Get the value from the UpDown control.
        numberToCompute = (int)numericUpDown1.Value;

        // Reset the variable for percentage tracking.
        highestPercentageReached = 0;

        // Start the asynchronous operation.
        backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync(numberToCompute);
    }

    void cancelAsyncButton_Click(object sender,
        EventArgs e)
    {
        // Cancel the asynchronous operation.
        backgroundWorker1.CancelAsync();

        // Disable the Cancel button.
        cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = false;
    }

    // This event handler is where the actual,
    // potentially time-consuming work is done.
    void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender,
        DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        // Get the BackgroundWorker that raised this event.
        BackgroundWorker worker = sender as BackgroundWorker;

        // Assign the result of the computation
        // to the Result property of the DoWorkEventArgs
        // object. This is will be available to the 
        // RunWorkerCompleted eventhandler.
        e.Result = ComputeFibonacci((int)e.Argument, worker, e);
    }

    // This event handler deals with the results of the
    // background operation.
    void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(
        object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
    {
        // First, handle the case where an exception was thrown.
        if (e.Error != null)
        {
            _ = MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message);
        }
        else if (e.Cancelled)
        {
            // Next, handle the case where the user canceled 
            // the operation.
            // Note that due to a race condition in 
            // the DoWork event handler, the Cancelled
            // flag may not have been set, even though
            // CancelAsync was called.
            resultLabel.Text = "Canceled";
        }
        else
        {
            // Finally, handle the case where the operation 
            // succeeded.
            resultLabel.Text = e.Result.ToString();
        }

        // Enable the UpDown control.
        numericUpDown1.Enabled = true;

        // Enable the Start button.
        startAsyncButton.Enabled = true;

        // Disable the Cancel button.
        cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = false;
    }

    // This event handler updates the progress bar.
    void backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(object sender,
        ProgressChangedEventArgs e) => progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage;

    // This is the method that does the actual work. For this
    // example, it computes a Fibonacci number and
    // reports progress as it does its work.
    long ComputeFibonacci(int n, BackgroundWorker worker, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        // The parameter n must be >= 0 and <= 91.
        // Fib(n), with n > 91, overflows a long.
        if (n is < 0 or > 91)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException(
                "value must be >= 0 and <= 91", nameof(n));
        }

        long result = 0;

        // Abort the operation if the user has canceled.
        // Note that a call to CancelAsync may have set 
        // CancellationPending to true just after the
        // last invocation of this method exits, so this 
        // code will not have the opportunity to set the 
        // DoWorkEventArgs.Cancel flag to true. This means
        // that RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs.Cancelled will
        // not be set to true in your RunWorkerCompleted
        // event handler. This is a race condition.

        if (worker.CancellationPending)
        {
            e.Cancel = true;
        }
        else
        {
            result = n < 2
                ? 1
                : ComputeFibonacci(n - 1, worker, e) +
                         ComputeFibonacci(n - 2, worker, e);

            // Report progress as a percentage of the total task.
            int percentComplete =
                (int)(n / (float)numberToCompute * 100);
            if (percentComplete > highestPercentageReached)
            {
                highestPercentageReached = percentComplete;
                worker.ReportProgress(percentComplete);
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    #region Windows Form Designer generated code

    void InitializeComponent()
    {
        numericUpDown1 = new NumericUpDown();
        startAsyncButton = new Button();
        cancelAsyncButton = new Button();
        resultLabel = new Label();
        progressBar1 = new ProgressBar();
        backgroundWorker1 = new BackgroundWorker();
        ((ISupportInitialize)numericUpDown1).BeginInit();
        SuspendLayout();
        // 
        // numericUpDown1
        // 
        numericUpDown1.Location = new Point(16, 16);
        numericUpDown1.Maximum = new decimal(new int[] {
            91,
            0,
            0,
            0});
        numericUpDown1.Minimum = new decimal(new int[] {
            1,
            0,
            0,
            0});
        numericUpDown1.Name = "numericUpDown1";
        numericUpDown1.Size = new Size(80, 20);
        numericUpDown1.TabIndex = 0;
        numericUpDown1.Value = new decimal(new int[] {
            1,
            0,
            0,
            0});
        // 
        // startAsyncButton
        // 
        startAsyncButton.Location = new Point(16, 72);
        startAsyncButton.Name = "startAsyncButton";
        startAsyncButton.Size = new Size(120, 23);
        startAsyncButton.TabIndex = 1;
        startAsyncButton.Text = "Start Async";
        startAsyncButton.Click += startAsyncButton_Click;
        // 
        // cancelAsyncButton
        // 
        cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = false;
        cancelAsyncButton.Location = new Point(153, 72);
        cancelAsyncButton.Name = "cancelAsyncButton";
        cancelAsyncButton.Size = new Size(119, 23);
        cancelAsyncButton.TabIndex = 2;
        cancelAsyncButton.Text = "Cancel Async";
        cancelAsyncButton.Click += cancelAsyncButton_Click;
        // 
        // resultLabel
        // 
        resultLabel.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.Fixed3D;
        resultLabel.Location = new Point(112, 16);
        resultLabel.Name = "resultLabel";
        resultLabel.Size = new Size(160, 23);
        resultLabel.TabIndex = 3;
        resultLabel.Text = "(no result)";
        resultLabel.TextAlign = ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
        // 
        // progressBar1
        // 
        progressBar1.Location = new Point(18, 48);
        progressBar1.Name = "progressBar1";
        progressBar1.Size = new Size(256, 8);
        progressBar1.Step = 2;
        progressBar1.TabIndex = 4;
        // 
        // backgroundWorker1
        // 
        backgroundWorker1.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
        backgroundWorker1.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true;
        // 
        // FibonacciForm
        // 
        ClientSize = new Size(1794, 927);
        Controls.Add(progressBar1);
        Controls.Add(resultLabel);
        Controls.Add(cancelAsyncButton);
        Controls.Add(startAsyncButton);
        Controls.Add(numericUpDown1);
        Name = "FibonacciForm";
        Text = "Fibonacci Calculator";
        ((ISupportInitialize)numericUpDown1).EndInit();
        ResumeLayout(false);
    }
    #endregion

    [STAThread]
    static void Main() => Application.Run(new FibonacciForm());
}

Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class FibonacciForm
    Inherits Form

    Private numberToCompute As Integer = 0
    Private highestPercentageReached As Integer = 0

    Private numericUpDown1 As NumericUpDown
    Private WithEvents startAsyncButton As Button
    Private WithEvents cancelAsyncButton As Button
    Private progressBar1 As ProgressBar
    Private resultLabel As Label
    Private WithEvents backgroundWorker1 As System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker


    Public Sub New()
        InitializeComponent()
    End Sub

    Private Sub startAsyncButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles startAsyncButton.Click

        ' Reset the text in the result label.
        resultLabel.Text = [String].Empty

        ' Disable the UpDown control until 
        ' the asynchronous operation is done.
        numericUpDown1.Enabled = False

        ' Disable the Start button until 
        ' the asynchronous operation is done.
        startAsyncButton.Enabled = False

        ' Enable the Cancel button while 
        ' the asynchronous operation runs.
        cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = True

        ' Get the value from the UpDown control.
        numberToCompute = CInt(numericUpDown1.Value)

        ' Reset the variable for percentage tracking.
        highestPercentageReached = 0


        ' Start the asynchronous operation.
        backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync(numberToCompute)
    End Sub

    Private Sub cancelAsyncButton_Click(
    ByVal sender As System.Object,
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles cancelAsyncButton.Click

        ' Cancel the asynchronous operation.
        backgroundWorker1.CancelAsync()

        ' Disable the Cancel button.
        cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = False

    End Sub

    ' This event handler is where the actual work is done.
    Private Sub backgroundWorker1_DoWork(
    ByVal sender As Object,
    ByVal e As DoWorkEventArgs) _
    Handles backgroundWorker1.DoWork

        ' Get the BackgroundWorker object that raised this event.
        Dim worker As BackgroundWorker =
            CType(sender, BackgroundWorker)

        ' Assign the result of the computation
        ' to the Result property of the DoWorkEventArgs
        ' object. This is will be available to the 
        ' RunWorkerCompleted eventhandler.
        e.Result = ComputeFibonacci(e.Argument, worker, e)
    End Sub

    ' This event handler deals with the results of the
    ' background operation.
    Private Sub backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(
    ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs) _
    Handles backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted

        ' First, handle the case where an exception was thrown.
        If (e.Error IsNot Nothing) Then
            MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message)
        ElseIf e.Cancelled Then
            ' Next, handle the case where the user canceled the 
            ' operation.
            ' Note that due to a race condition in 
            ' the DoWork event handler, the Cancelled
            ' flag may not have been set, even though
            ' CancelAsync was called.
            resultLabel.Text = "Canceled"
        Else
            ' Finally, handle the case where the operation succeeded.
            resultLabel.Text = e.Result.ToString()
        End If

        ' Enable the UpDown control.
        numericUpDown1.Enabled = True

        ' Enable the Start button.
        startAsyncButton.Enabled = True

        ' Disable the Cancel button.
        cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = False
    End Sub

    ' This event handler updates the progress bar.
    Private Sub backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(
    ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ProgressChangedEventArgs) _
    Handles backgroundWorker1.ProgressChanged

        progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage

    End Sub

    ' This is the method that does the actual work. For this
    ' example, it computes a Fibonacci number and
    ' reports progress as it does its work.
    Function ComputeFibonacci(
        ByVal n As Integer,
        ByVal worker As BackgroundWorker,
        ByVal e As DoWorkEventArgs) As Long

        ' The parameter n must be >= 0 and <= 91.
        ' Fib(n), with n > 91, overflows a long.
        If n < 0 OrElse n > 91 Then
            Throw New ArgumentException(
                "value must be >= 0 and <= 91", "n")
        End If

        Dim result As Long = 0

        ' Abort the operation if the user has canceled.
        ' Note that a call to CancelAsync may have set 
        ' CancellationPending to true just after the
        ' last invocation of this method exits, so this 
        ' code will not have the opportunity to set the 
        ' DoWorkEventArgs.Cancel flag to true. This means
        ' that RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs.Cancelled will
        ' not be set to true in your RunWorkerCompleted
        ' event handler. This is a race condition.
        If worker.CancellationPending Then
            e.Cancel = True
        Else
            If n < 2 Then
                result = 1
            Else
                result = ComputeFibonacci(n - 1, worker, e) +
                         ComputeFibonacci(n - 2, worker, e)
            End If

            ' Report progress as a percentage of the total task.
            Dim percentComplete As Integer =
                CSng(n) / CSng(numberToCompute) * 100
            If percentComplete > highestPercentageReached Then
                highestPercentageReached = percentComplete
                worker.ReportProgress(percentComplete)
            End If

        End If

        Return result

    End Function


    Private Sub InitializeComponent()
        numericUpDown1 = New NumericUpDown
        startAsyncButton = New Button
        cancelAsyncButton = New Button
        resultLabel = New Label
        progressBar1 = New ProgressBar
        backgroundWorker1 = New System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker
        CType(numericUpDown1, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).BeginInit()
        SuspendLayout()
        '
        'numericUpDown1
        '
        numericUpDown1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(16, 16)
        numericUpDown1.Maximum = New Decimal(New Integer() {91, 0, 0, 0})
        numericUpDown1.Minimum = New Decimal(New Integer() {1, 0, 0, 0})
        numericUpDown1.Name = "numericUpDown1"
        numericUpDown1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(80, 20)
        numericUpDown1.TabIndex = 0
        numericUpDown1.Value = New Decimal(New Integer() {1, 0, 0, 0})
        '
        'startAsyncButton
        '
        startAsyncButton.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(16, 72)
        startAsyncButton.Name = "startAsyncButton"
        startAsyncButton.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(120, 23)
        startAsyncButton.TabIndex = 1
        startAsyncButton.Text = "Start Async"
        '
        'cancelAsyncButton
        '
        cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = False
        cancelAsyncButton.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(153, 72)
        cancelAsyncButton.Name = "cancelAsyncButton"
        cancelAsyncButton.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(119, 23)
        cancelAsyncButton.TabIndex = 2
        cancelAsyncButton.Text = "Cancel Async"
        '
        'resultLabel
        '
        resultLabel.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.Fixed3D
        resultLabel.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(112, 16)
        resultLabel.Name = "resultLabel"
        resultLabel.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(160, 23)
        resultLabel.TabIndex = 3
        resultLabel.Text = "(no result)"
        resultLabel.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter
        '
        'progressBar1
        '
        progressBar1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(18, 48)
        progressBar1.Name = "progressBar1"
        progressBar1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(256, 8)
        progressBar1.TabIndex = 4
        '
        'backgroundWorker1
        '
        backgroundWorker1.WorkerReportsProgress = True
        backgroundWorker1.WorkerSupportsCancellation = True
        '
        'FibonacciForm
        '
        ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(292, 118)
        Controls.Add(progressBar1)
        Controls.Add(resultLabel)
        Controls.Add(cancelAsyncButton)
        Controls.Add(startAsyncButton)
        Controls.Add(numericUpDown1)
        Name = "FibonacciForm"
        Text = "Fibonacci Calculator"
        CType(numericUpDown1, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).EndInit()
        ResumeLayout(False)

    End Sub

    <STAThread()> _
    Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New FibonacciForm)
    End Sub
End Class

Hinweise

Mit der BackgroundWorker Klasse können Sie einen Vorgang in einem separaten dedizierten Thread ausführen. Zeitaufwendige Vorgänge wie Downloads und Datenbanktransaktionen können dazu führen, dass ihre Benutzeroberfläche so aussieht, als ob sie nicht mehr reagierte, während sie ausgeführt wird. Wenn Sie eine reaktionsfähige Benutzeroberfläche benötigen und mit langen Verzögerungen im Zusammenhang mit solchen Vorgängen konfrontiert sind, bietet die BackgroundWorker Klasse eine bequeme Lösung.

Um einen zeitaufwendigen Vorgang im Hintergrund auszuführen, erstellen Sie eine BackgroundWorker und lauschen sie auf Ereignisse, die den Fortschritt des Vorgangs melden und signalisieren, wann der Vorgang abgeschlossen ist. Sie können das BackgroundWorker Programm programmgesteuert erstellen oder es über die Registerkarte "Komponenten " der Toolbox auf Ihr Formular ziehen. Wenn Sie den BackgroundWorker Im Windows Forms-Designer erstellen, wird er im Komponentenbereich angezeigt, und seine Eigenschaften werden im Eigenschaftenfenster angezeigt.

Um einen Hintergrundvorgang einzurichten, fügen Sie einen Ereignishandler für das DoWork Ereignis hinzu. Rufen Sie ihren zeitaufwendigen Vorgang in diesem Ereignishandler auf. Rufen Sie zum Starten des Vorgangs auf RunWorkerAsync. Um Benachrichtigungen über Statusaktualisierungen zu erhalten, behandeln Sie das ProgressChanged Ereignis. Um eine Benachrichtigung zu erhalten, wenn der Vorgang abgeschlossen ist, behandeln Sie das RunWorkerCompleted Ereignis.

Wenn für den Hintergrundvorgang ein Parameter erforderlich ist, rufen Sie RunWorkerAsync den Parameter auf. Innerhalb des DoWork Ereignishandlers können Sie den Parameter aus der DoWorkEventArgs.Argument Eigenschaft extrahieren.

Weitere Informationen zu BackgroundWorker finden Sie unter Vorgehensweise: Eine Operation im Hintergrund ausführen.

Weitere Informationen

• So führen Sie einen Vorgang im Hintergrund aus
• Bewährte Methoden für verwaltetes Threading
• Vorgehensweise: Herunterladen einer Datei im Hintergrund